Which proto_state value indicates the TIME_WAIT TCP state?

The TIME_WAIT TCP state is represented by the proto_state value of 05. This state occurs after a TCP connection has been closed, allowing time for any delayed packets to be properly discarded before the resources associated with the connection are released. The TIME_WAIT state is crucial for ensuring that any packets that may arrive late do not cause confusion in subsequent connections, as it ensures that the socket is not re-used too quickly.

The proto_state values associated with other TCP states correspond to different connection phases; for instance, proto_state values for states such as LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, and CLOSE_WAIT represent different actions and statuses of the TCP connection lifecycle. Understanding these values is essential for networking and firewall configurations, as they play a significant role in how connections are managed and monitored.