Which of the following proto_state values represents the SYN and SYN/ACK TCP state?

The proto_state value representing the SYN and SYN/ACK TCP states specifically is a combination of states involved in the TCP handshake process, which begins when a client sends a SYN packet to initiate a connection, followed by a response from the server with a SYN/ACK packet.

In networking, the SYN (synchronize) state is a signaling mechanism used in TCP to establish connections, while SYN/ACK indicates that the server acknowledges the client's request. The combination of these two states showcases an active connection attempt, marking a pivotal stage in the establishment of a TCP connection.

The value for proto_state that represents both of these key steps in establishing a TCP connection has been defined as 03. This aligns with the common conventions used in tracking the state of TCP connections, where different numeric values correspond to specific phases in the connection lifecycle. Therefore, choosing the proto_state value of 03 appropriately reflects this critical stage in the TCP communication process.